Method of making hollow rubber articles



.April 19, 1927.

1,625,394' F..T. ROBERTS e .'.METHQD OF MAKING HOLLOW RUBBER ARTICLES Filed May 12. 1924 1,625,394 Apnf 19,1927- `F11-.ROBERTS METHOD OF MAKING HOLLOW RUBBER ARTICLES Filed May 12. 1924 s sneeisfsneetz Fifa- 4 192 o 1,625,394 19 .7 F. T. ROBERTS METHOD OF MAKING -HOLLOW RUBBER- ARTICLES Filed may 12. 1924 s sheets-Sheet s April Patented Apr. 19,- 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRED THOMAS lROBERTS, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO PARAMOUNT RUB- BER CONSOLIDATED INC., OF TUCKAHOE, NEW YORK, .A CORPORATION OF DELA- WARE.

METHOD OF MAKING HOLLOW RUBBER ARTICLES.

applicati@ med may 12,

This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow rubber articles from sheet material, wherein the biscuits are made up of parts joined by seams before vulcanization.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide for the efficient and rapid forming of these seams. To this end I have devised a process by which a plurality of surmounting seams may be made at one operation,

l0 and this constitutes one feature of the'presentinvention.

By my process I am enabled, for instance, to join four superimposed layers of rubber at one operation in such manner that the top layer is joined to the second layer, while the third layer is joined to the bottom layer. I effect this by providing means preventin the mutual adherence of the second and t ird layers and submitting all four layers to pressure in an outline area which simultaneously makes seams between the top two sheets and also between the bottom two sheets.

In effecting the pressure which makes the seams, I provide a die with a comparatively narrow beveled face which is positioned so that the projecting edge cuts through the rubber to cut out the" article while the narrow beveled face presses the sheets together vto effect the seam. I employ raw sheet rubber, which however, is treated so that the sheets do not adhere except when subjected to considerable pressure, and thus I am enabled to allow the sheets to lie directly on top of each other without danger of adherence and at the same time form the seams wherever desired, there being such pressure as causes adherence. A

My method is available in the manufacture of various sheet rubber articles, an ex- 40 ample of which comprises articles where different sheets of rubber are joined in different regions. Thus, for instance, where there are four sheets, the top and bottom sheets may be joined together in one region and in another region the top and second sheets and the third and bottom sheet. This enables me to manufacture in one operation, four legged sheet rubber animals and' various other toys having legs or extensions side by side.

`192e. serial NQ. 712,505.

All the above mentioned features are ineluded in my invention, as are other characteristics hereinafter more fully explained and definitely summarized in the claims.

In the drawings, Fig. l is a section through the upper portion of a hydraulic press and accompanying mechanism carrying material for the manufacture of sheet rubber articles, variously joined in different regions; Fig.

. 2 1s a diagrammatic vertical cross section lllustrating the press platens, the cutting and seammg die and various layers of material, separated for convenience of illustration; Flg. 3 1s a pers ective of a cutting and seaming die, in this lnstanc'e one designed to form a toy elephant; Fig. 4 is a bottom plan of the 65 upper press platen with such die attached thereto; Fig. 5 is a top plan of the lower platen showmg the sheets of material resting upon it, the position of the die being illustrated by broken lines; Fig. 6 is an enlarged 70 cross section through the two platens and die and interposed material after the seaming has been effected, this cross section being taken on the offset line -GonFig. 5; Fig.

7 is a side elevation of the biscuit produced 75 by the particular die shown, one -leg of the animal eing turned up to disclose the intermediate region; Fie'. 8 is a side elevation of the completed artlcle after the biscuit has been vulcanized and imprinted, or otherwise decorated on the side surface, and inflated, the broken line indicating the original outline of the vulcanized article before inflation; Fig.'9 is a perspective on a smaller scale of the inflated article shown in Fig.- 8; Fig. 35

410 is a detail illustrating the end of the elehants trunk, showing the inflat-ing nipple; `ig. 11 is a cross section thereof on the line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Referring indicates t e upper or stationary platen of a vforming press and 11 the lower platen adapted to be raised by a suitable hydraulic ram 12. The die 20 is shown as a strap of metal bent into a form corresponding to the outline of the figure to be produced. This strap has suitable means by which. it is secured to the upper platen, as for instance first to Figs. '1 to 6 inclusive, 1t) 90l lll the press as shown in Fig. l.

the outwardly projecting perforated ears 2l through which screws 22 may pass into the platen.

The active face 23 of the die is beveled inwardly as illustrated in Fig. 6. 'lhis tace is comparatively narrow and, for reasons ot strength, the die may be lared or thickened from this face toward the back as shown in Fig. tl.

llhave shown in Fig. l three rolls of sheet niaterial Bl, 33 and 35 n'iounted on suitable arles 36 rotatably held in a standard :li adjacent the press. The roll 3l comprises a strip of paper 41 and a surniounting sheet ot rubber 42. rl`he roll 33 comprises a double sheet oit' rubber t3 and an intermediate separator L.tl-t. The upper roll coniprises a single sheet ot' rubber 45. The material passes trom the three rolls across three corresponding guiding rollers lt shown as :arried by a suitable bracket- 39 secured to the press. I

ln operation, assuming that thc die S20 has been secured to the upper platen lll, the material is drawn 'from the three rolls across Thus. as illustrated in Fig. S2, l have above the lower platen l1 irst a sheet ot' paper ll. then above this a sheet of rubber l2, both coming from the roll 3l. Above this a doubled sheet ot rubber 43 separated by an interniediate separator 44. rThese parts come from the roll 33 and extend to a greater or less distance trom the edge ot the pile ot sheets according to the article to be produced. ln the present instance they extend slightly higher than the region ot the legs ot the animal to be made, the top line of the doubled sheet being indicated in Fig. 5 bythe dotted line 46. Above the doubled sheet comes the top layer 45 from the roll 35. this top layer resting on the upper layer ot the doubled sheet t3 throughout the region ot the latter and beyond that resting directly on the lower rubber sheet 42.

lVhen the sheets have been surmounted as described the pressure is admitted to the hydraulic. cylinder raising the ram 12, thus elevating the lower platen with the sheets into coaetion with the suspended die 20. After this die comes into contact with the rubber high pressure, fluid is admitted to the cylinder, causing the platen to be further elevated sutieiently so thatl the outer edge of the die cuts through the various sheets and at the same time the beveled face thereof presses one sheet of rubber into the material of the adjacent sheet to form a seam directly beneath such beveled face.

I infl it desirable to make the angle of the beveled face 23 steeper where such edge cuts through the four thicknesses of rubber than in the region where it cuts through but two thicknesses. Approximately speaking-the inner or higher edge of the bevel is preferably located above the lower edge by an amount corresponding to halt the combined thickness of the rubber to be eut by that rc- I.gion of the die lace, so that each adjacent pair of sheets at the seam is caused to occupy approximately the thickness oi' a single sheet. each sheet of rubber being thus intimately l'orced into the other sheet, making a homogeneous seam, which al'ter vulcanization is as strongr as the unseemed portion olf the article.

iltftert'he dieoperation describethtbe lower platen is dropped, and the joined and cnty ont biscuit removed, the separators removed 'ii-om between the two layers ol the doubled sheet. -ll and the article is vulcanized in any suitable manner.l either by vapor cure, acid eure, separation by soaps-tone and the application of heat or in other manner as desired.

lhor carrying out the ope "ation, l. treat the raw rubber` after it is formed and delivered l'roni thel calender rolls, with starch or soapstone. or a mixture ot' both. which preventsI the sheets adhering when piled on top ot' each other or when rolled up in the roll. Notwithstanding such starch or soapstone, however, the hydraulic pressure is sufficient to actually force one sheet into the other so that any soapstone or starch on the seam is inimaterial as :it becomes entirely embedded in the rubber.

ll have found it. important to provide a padding beneath the bottom sheet so that the edge ot the die may cut entirely through the bottom sheet of rubber, and I find vthat ordinary wrapping paper serves well for this purpose. l may use the same material `lor the separator between the two layers of the doubled intermediate sheet; or, instead otl an independent separator I may previously vnlcanize that tace ot the inserted sheet which cornes together when the sheet is tolded. rThe important point here is to prevent. the formation ot a seam between the two leaves of the doubled sheet. The hydraulic pressure forces the cutting edge through the rubber and through whatever separator is employed until the edge enters the layer of padding.

The actual pressure employed may be varied greatly provided it is sufficient to press one sheet of rubber into the other. I may state` however, that I have obtained very satisfactory results by using a pressure of a thousand pounds per square inch on a hydraulic rain 10 inches in diameter. thus giving a total pressure of approximately 78.500 pounds. Distributed over the total area of the outline face ot the die with this face about a sixteenth of an inch in width` if the length of the outline were about 42 inches, the effective pressure on the seam would he in the vicinity of 80,000 pounds per square llt) A when inated. Any suitable .inlating bushp inch. As stated, however, this may bewaried greatly. I do not limit myself to any v similarly embeds the top sheetvand the sec` ond sheet, and the third sheet and the fourth sheet, in the region where there is the intermediate 'doubled sheet and separator. While the separator is cut through and enablesl the transmission of pressure to join the third rubber layer to the bottom layer itpreveiits the formation of a scam between the second and third layers. I thus produce at one 0peration a seam between the two extreme layers in one region and two surmountiug seams between the extreme layers and the two intermediate layers respectively in another region.

The operation described not only produces the seams desired but nearly or entirely severs the biscuit from the continuous sheets, so that it may be readily removed. Thel action also causes a suiicient adherence of the waste stock surrounding the biscuit, so that a fresh supply of such stock may be drawn as a unit from the three rolls, for the next impression.

The seaming and cutting operation gives the biscuit 'shown at A in Fig. 7, wherein the major portion of the article is composed of two sheets of rubber while in the lower portion there are four layers, thus providing individual legs separated as shown. The doubled edge of the inserted layer, indicated by the line a1 in Fig. 7, comes slightly above the belly of the animal, thus providing two belly seams andl giving a certain width to this portion of the toy when it is blown up.

Following the curing of the biscuit, I may print on the opposite sides thereof a suitable representation of the animal or. article corresponding to the outline, in the present instance indicating the ears, eyes, tusks, etc., as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. f

At some suitable part of the article, as for instance in the point of the trunk, I mount an inlating bushing or ni ple, whereby the toy may be inflated.. uch bushing is indicated at-B in Figs. 8 and 9, In Fig. 8 I have illustrated at A the outline of the article when flat, this view and Fig. 9 indicating the rounding it receives ing may beemployed, but I prefer to employ one which acts as its own valve, preventing the escape of air. This may be readily made by taking a shorty section of rubber liibe B, flattening the inner portion as at b and vulcanizin it in this condition, then inserting it in t e article, as for instance in the end of the trunk, and putting a rubber band b1 about the exterior.

'Phe toy produced by the process described has material advantages over sheet rubber toys composed of only two sheets, .in that those of my invention will stand upright, and they are thus more interesting and cntertaiiiing and useful for the purposes iiitended. While I have shown the method as adapted for making toy four-legged ani mals, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. It may be advantageously employed in the production of various articles where it is desired to form a plurality of seams between different sheets. The. illustration, therefore, pf a qiiadruped is to be considered' as an illustration of any suitable object.

Later de\l'elopn1ents ot the broad idea of simultaneouslyproducing a plurality of su- Jeriniposed marginal seams, will be found in the following applications: v

Serial No. 738,828 tiled February 20, 1924,

by myself, wherein a plurality of oppositely severance of stock in another region, withl' out the formation of a seam.

Serial No. 20,062 liledApi-il 2, 1925, by Albert H. Bates and Geor M. Seule, wherein a pair of nested dou le sheets are inserted.

Serial No. 33,622 filed May 29, 1925, by. myself wherein an intermediate portion of the double sheet is cut away in the forming operation.

I claim:

1. The method of making hollow articles of plastic material, comprising simultaneously forming marginal seams between different pairs of layers.

2. The method of making hollow articles of plastic material comprising simultaneously forming a plurality of marginal seams, one between an outer layer and one inner layer and another between an inner layer and a diterenteouter layer.

3. The method of making hollow rubber articles, comprising simultaneously .formin a marginal seam between an outer layer an one inner layer and a' mar lnal seam beween another inner layer an another outer a er. f

il. The method of making hollow rubber articles, comprising superimposingfa plurality of rubber layers, simultaneously forming a seam between one outer layer and one intermediate layer and a superimposed seam between another intermediate layer and the other outer layer, both of said seams being at the margin of the joined article.

fill

till

titi

tllll all 5. The method ot' making hollow articles ot sheet material, comprising superimposing a pair ot sheets with an intermediate doubled sheet and simultaneously joining cach sheet ot said pair to the adjacent layer ot the doubled sheet.

6. The method of making hollow rubber articles of sheet material, comprising supern imposing a pair nl sheets with an intermediate doubled sheet and by pressure simultaneously forming a seam between each sheet ol said pair to the adjacent layer oit the doubled sheet.

7. rlhe method `ot making hollow rubber articles, comprising superiniposinga pair ot sheets oit rubber with an intermediate doubled sheet ot' rubber having a separator within its told and simultaneously joiningr each sheet ot said pair to the adjacent layer et the doubled sheet.

tl. The method oit mailing; hollow rubber articles, comprising superimposing layers of raw rubber 'treated so as not to inadvertently adhere, simultaneously forming' seams between diderent layers, and thereafter vnlcanizing the article.

9. rthe method of making hollow rubber articles comprising superimposing two sheets ot rubber and an interposed doubled sheet ot rubber; said sheets being treated to prevent their adherence when not under pressure, and submitting such sheets to pressure in an outline reg-ion to term junction between each ot said two sheets and the adu jacent leaves ot the doubled sheet respectivelv.

l0, rll'he method of making hollow rubber articles comprising superimposing two sheets ot raw rubber and an interposed doubled sheet ot1 raw rubber having an inter mediate separator, submitting* such sheets to pressure in an outine region to "form junctures between each ot said two sheets and the adjacent leaves ot the doubled sheet re spectively, removing the surplus rubber outn side oit the seams thus termed, and vulcanizingr the article as a unit.

il. rlhe method ot making hollow rubber articles comprising placing; en outwardly openings; doubled sheet et rubber between two other sheets ot rubber, and bv simultaneous pressure ceusiupa each outer sheet to Jterm seam with the adjacent leaf ot the doubled sheet in one region and a seam with the other outer sheet. in :mother region.

12. 'lhe method of makingF hollow rubber articles, comprisinga placing an outwardly openim;n doubled sheet ot rubber between two other sheets ot rubber, cousine each outer sheet to form a seam with the adjacent lent ot the doubled sheet in one region and a seam with the other outer sheet in another region, removing the sulplus rubber outside ot said seams, and vulcanizing the joined article.

Leanser 13. rlhe method ot making articles of sheet rubber comprising superimposing a pair of sheets with an inserted doubled sheet of less extent between them, cutting through such sheets, and simulaneously joining them along au outline which lies partly in the region ot the doubled Sheet und partly in the region otl the pair oi sheets only, and thereattcr curing: the cut-out and joined article.

let- The method et making articles ot plastic material comprising superimposing a pair of sheets with an inserted doubled sheet between them, the 'lold of the doubled sheet lacing outwardly and the two leaves thereof being separated by removable mate rial, pressing such superimposed and inserted sheets by an outline which joins the pair of sheets respectively to the two leaves ot the doubled sheet oiftlie side of the told toward the free edges ot the doubled sheet and joins the pair ot sheets to each other on the opposite side ot' said fold.

l5. The method ot' making hollow rubber articles comprising superimposing a pair ot raw rubber sheets with an inserted doubled sheet of rubber between them, the told ot' the doubled sheet lacing outwardly and the two leaves thereof being separated by removable material, pressing such superimposed and inserted sheets by an outline which joins the pair ot sheets respectively to the two leaves ot the doubled sheet on the side of the fold toward the :tree edges ot the doubled sheet and joins the pair of sheets to ecah other on the opposite side of said fold, and simultaneously with such joining cutting through the ditlerent sheets, and thereafter removing; the separator and vulcan Ising the article.

i6. |The method ot making hollow articles of plastic material comprising pressing one narrow inwardly beveled edge of a member simultaneously against two outer und two intermediate separated sheets to :t'orm a pair ot superimposed seams.

l?. lhe method et making hollow rubber articles comprising superiinposing four layers ot raw rubber with a separator between the two intermediate layers, then pressing against such superimposed layers a, member havingr an inwardly beveled narrow edge, the separator extending across such edge to support the sheets at the seam, then removing the cut-out and joined article and vuleanisinn1 it.

i8., Illhe method et melting hollow rubber articles comprisin@l taking two single sheets otfjrubber with a doubled sheet of rubber interposed :tor portion et their area, and pressing against such sheets a member havlng an inwardly beveled narrow edge shaped according to the outline ot the article, whereby each sinele sheet is joined to the adjacent lent olf tie doubled sheet in their common region and the two single sheets llll lit)

beveled narrow wall, the' outer edge of which cuts through the sheets while the beveled surface thereof simultaneously joins them along an outline which lies partly in the region of the doubled sheet and partly in the region'of the pair of sheets only, and .thereafter curing the eut-out and joined article.

20. The method of making hollow rubber articles comprising taking two single sheets of rubber with a doubled sheet of rubber interposed for a portion of their area, there being a removable separator between the leaves of such doubled sheet, pressing such assemblage of sheets by a narrow inwardly beveled edge which conforms to the outline of the article, whereby-each single sheet isy joined to the adjacent leaf of the doubled sheet in their common region and the two single sheets joined'.l 'to each other in the region beyond the doubled sheets and at the same time the surplus rubber is out away outside of the seams, and thereafter removing the separator `and vulcanizing the combined article as aunit.

21. The method of making hollow articles comprising superimposing layers of material ada ted to adhere under pressure, the bottom Ilayer resting on a suitable pad adapted to be cut, and two intermediate layers being separated `by material adapted to be out, then forcing a die having an outline face through all of such layers and the separating material into the bottom ad. P 22. The method of making hollow rubber articles, comprising superimposing layers of raw rubber, the bottom layer resting on a suitable sheet of other material, and two intermediate layers being separated by a separator of other material, forcing through all of such layers and the separating material a die having a narrow edge, thus removing the cut-out article and vulcanizing it.

23. The method of making articles of sheet rubber, com rising superimposing a air of rubber s eets with an inserted oubled rubber sheet between them, said assemblage of sheets resting on a supporting sheet adapted to be cut by an outline edge, pressing such outline edge downwardly on the pile to out through such sheets and simultaneously join them along an outlinewhich lies partly in the region of the doubled sheet and partly in the region of the an' of sheets onl and thereafter curing tie cutout and jolned article.

24. The method of making articles of curing t sheet rubber, comprising making the following pile (counting from the 'bottom upwardly) first, `a sheet of paper, second a sheet of rubber, third the lower leaf of a doubled sheet of rubber', fourth aseparator within the fold of the doubled sheet, fifth the `upper leaf of said doubled sheet, sixth a sheet of rubber; locating over the pile an outline die having an inwardly beveled edge, and forcing said die relatively downward through the pile of rubber and into the bottom paper sheet to cut out the article and simultaneously join the edges of said second sheet to the third and the fifth sheet, to the sixth incertain regions and in other regions the second and sixth directly together.

25. The method of making hollow articles of plastic material adapted to adhere under pressure, comprising simultaneously forming seams between different layers to make pairs while preventing the formation of a seam between the different pairs.

26. The method of making hollow rubber articles, comprising simultaneously forming a seam between an outer layer and one inner layer and a seam between another inner layer and another outer layer, while preventing the formation of a seam between the two inner layers.

27. The method of making hollow rubber articles, comprising superimposing a plurality of raw rubber layers so treated 'thatv they willnot normally adhere but will adhere when under great pressure, simultaneously forming by great pressure a seam between one outer layerand one intermediate layer and a superimposed seam between `another intermediate layer and the other outer layer, there being means to prevent the effective adherence of said intermediate layers even when under great pressure.

28. The method of making hollow rubber articles comprising superimposing four layers of rubber, simultaneously forming a plurality of seams, one between an outer layer and one inner layer and another between an inner layler and a different outer layer, and

e formed article. 29. The method of making inflatable articles of sheet material, comprising superimposing a pair of sheets with an intermediate doubled sheet and simultaneously joining each sheet of said pair to the adjacent layer of the doubled sheet, and at the same time cuttin all of the sheets free from the portion of t 1e sheets immediately outside of the seams.

30. The method of making inflatable sheet rubber articles comprising superimposing a pair of raw rubber sheets with an intermediate doubled sheet of raw rubber, by pressure simultaneously forming a seam between each sheet of said pair and the adjacent layer of the double sheet while prelill venting the mutual adherence ot the two leaves ot the doubled sheet, and curing the article.

31. The method of making hollow rubber articles with legs side by side comprising placinof an outwardly opening doubled sheet of rubier between two other sheets ot rubber, cutting out the outline of the article with the legs in the region ol the doubled sheet and the body beyond such region, and causingT each outer sheet to iorm a seam with the adjacent leaf of the doubled sheet to make the legs and a seam with the other outer sheet to make the body.

352. rlhe method of making hollow rubber 'leur-legged animals, comprising placin an outwardly opening doubled sheet of ru ber between two other sheets of rubber, cutting the outline ol the animal in such region that the legs are cut through the four lal ers ot rubber while the body is principe ly cut through the outside sheets only, causing each outer sheet to form a seam with the adiacent leaf ot the doubled sheet to form the legs and a seam with the other outer sheet to torm the principal part of the body, and vulcanizing the joined article.

33. fhe method of making animals ci sheet rubber, comprising su erimposing a pair of sheets with an inserte doubled sheet ot less extent between them, cutting through such sheets, with a die corres ending in outline to the animal so placed t at the legs and belly are in the region of the doubled insert and the main portion of the body beyond such insert, and simultanteously joining the outer sheets to the doubled sheet where the outline crosses both sheets and the two outer` sheets together in the other regions, and thereafter curing the cut-out' and joined animal.

34. 'lhe method olZ making hollow articles of plastic material comprising placing member having an inwardly beveled narrow edge forming the outline ot the article and a pile ot two outer and two intermediate rubber sheets in a press, and closing the press to cause said edge to form a pair ol superimposed seams.

35. rlhe method of making hollow rubber articles com rising placing in a press :tour superimposed layers ot raw rubber with a separator between the two intermediate layers, closing the press to 4force against such superim osed layers a member having an iuwardly eveled narrow edge, removing the cut-out and joined article, removing the separator and vulranizing the article.

36. 'lhe method of making hollow rubber articles comprising taking a single sheet ot rubber from a roll, a doubled sheet of rubber from another roll, and a single sheet ot rubber from a third roll, super-imposing such sheets, and pressing against such sheets a member having a narrow edge shaped nctenesse cording to the outline of the article, whereby each sin 'le sheet is joined to the adjacent leaf of t e doubled sheet and the article cut out, thereafter removin the cut-out article without disarranging tais relation ot the various sheets.

37. ln the manufacture or" hollow rubber articles, the step which consists in simultaneously forming a plurality of superimposed marginal seams in one region and a single marginal seam in another region.

3S. ln the manufacture of hollow rubber articles, the step which consists in simulu taneously forming a plurality of superimposed seams in one region and a single seam in another region, and at the same time cutting out the. outline ol the entire article.

39. 'lhe method of making hollow rubber articles comprising taking two single sheets ot' rubber with a doubled sheet of rubber interposed for a portion of their area, and pressing against such sheets a member having an inwardl beveled narrow edge shaped according to t e outline of the article, the bevel ol said edge being stee er in the region ol the doubled sheet t an in the region ol 'the single sheets.

llt). 'lhe method of making hollow articles oit plastic material comprising placing two connected sheets between two other sheets, cutting through all of said sheets in a course w ich crosses the connection at two points while leavinff intact that portion et said connection which is between said points and at the same time forming marginal seams between each outer sheet and the adjacent inner sheet.

Ail. The method of making hollow rubber articlesot sheet material comprising superimposing pair ol sheets with an intermediate doubled sheet and cutting through all the sheets'or" the pile while leaving a portion or the told of the doubled. sheet intact, and at the saine time forming marginal seams between each outer sheet and the adiacent leal ot the doubled sheet.

ft2. Irlhe method olf making hollow articles ol plastic material comprising placing two connected leaves between two outer leaves which entend beyond the connection et the inner leaves, cutting out an article the outline ol which lies partly in the region ol" :the connected leaves and partly in the region ol the outer leaves only, while leaving intact that portion of said connection which between the two portions ot the outl1ne, and at the same time forming seams directly between the two outer leaves in theireole region and between each outer leal and the adjacent inner leaf in the region common to the outer and inner leaves.

4 3. 'lhe method of making hollow rubber artlcles of sheet material, com rising placing a doubled sheet of rubber tween two outer sheets which extend beyond the fold llt) of the doubled sheet, cutting out an article the outline of which lies partly in the region of the doubled sheet and partly in the region of the two sheets only, while leaving a portion of the fold of the doubled sheet intact, and at the same time forming seams directly between the outer sheets and between each outer sheet and the adjacent leaf of the doubled sheet.

44. In the manufacture of rubber articles, the step which consists of simultaneously forming a pair of surmounting seams yWith four sheets of rubber and simultaneously severing all of the sheets beyond the seams.

45. In the manufacture of rubber articles, the step which consists of simultaneously forming a single seam in one region, and a plurallty of surmounting seams in another region, accompanied by a severance of the material beyond the seams.

46. The process of making a hollow rubber article having a bifurcated portion which consists in cut-seaming one portion of one sheet to one portion of a second sheet, cut-seaming the remaining portion of the first sheet to a portion of a third sheet, and cut-seaming the remaining portions of the second and third sheets together to form a closed article.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aiix my signature.

FRED THOMAS ROBERTS. 

